this article surfaces a lot of critical issues in a space I’ve worked in and care a lot about — civic design is really challenging. As a fellow designer and technologist I am wary of putting all the responsibility for solutioning onto apps, given that 1) the funding realities are going to make it so that many great orgs will not be able to gather UX and product talent and 2) apps are only one part of the user journey of a volunteer. Given your careful documentation of your experience, it seems to me there’s room for design improvement in the in-person systems and processes of volunteering. These would still benefit greatly from a human centered approach but might be more achieveable for smaller operations to enact.